Intervista a Dacia Maraini
di Anna Trapani
Il 24 giugno scorso nella magnifica cornice della Biblioteca Comunale si è svolta, a Palermo, la presentazione dell’ultimo romanzo di Dacia Maraini: “Il treno dell’ultima notte” edito da Rizzoli. Ne hanno parlato, insieme all’autrice, Beatrice Agnello, che dirige la rivista “Margini”, e il professore Russo dell’ateneo palermitano, docente di Estetica presso il corso di laurea in Filosofia. Brani significativi del romanzo sono stati letti da Galatea Ranzi e Pino Caruso. Alla fine della serata la signora Maraini con la disponibilità e sensibilità che la contraddistingue, ci ha concesso questa intervista per “Il Portale di Trieste”.
Vorrei cominciare dal titolo del suo romanzo: “Il treno dell’ultima notte”. Sicuramente molto evocativo.
Si, sotto vari aspetti. Come è stato notato questa sera io sono molto legata all’immagine del treno sia nella realtà che metaforicamente. Vari anni fa il treno compariva già nel titolo di un altro mio romanzo: “Il treno per Helsinki”. L’intervista, che è stata citata, di Paolo Di Paolo è intitolata: “Ho sognato una stazione”. In quest’ultimo romanzo i fatti cominciano e finiscono in un treno. Vi sono vari piani di lettura. Indica, per esempio, il passaggio da una Europa all’altra. In greco, però, trenum è il canto dei morti. Quindi passaggio dalla vita alla morte.
Un particolare che certo incuriosisce il lettore: il nome della protagonista, Amara, da dove nasce? Non è certo casuale.
Ma guardi sono state date questa sera due interpretazioni entrambe vere però c’è dell’altro. Amara perché racconta la storia amara del Novecento in Europa; il buio, le tenebre del secolo breve. Il professore Russo ha fatto giustamente notare che Amara ha la stessa radice di amor per sottolineare come tutto parta da una grande, innocente, storia d’amore tra due bambini. Il padre di Amara è un ciabattino perciò non può badare a queste sottigliezze culturali. Lui è partito dall’idea di scegliere un nome in autonomia: il fascismo voleva nomi italiani di santi e lui, invece, fa a modo suo.
Il suo romanzo è complesso e impegnativo soprattutto nella struttura: ci sono vari tempi narrativi che si intrecciano con il tempo narrativo di base, una grande documentazione storica, tanti personaggi,luoghi, città,una ricostruzione filologica che tocca i più piccoli particolari. Come nasce un romanzo di così ampio respiro. Lei fa una scaletta iniziale e da lì tutto si dipana?
No, non faccio alcuna scaletta; sono i personaggi che mi conducono. Loro decidono dove va la storia. Per esempio, Budapest con i tragici fatti dal 1956 non era prevista. I personaggi, Amara, mi hanno condotto lì.
Alcuni nel recensire il suo romanzo fanno riferimento a Orfeo ed Euridice.
Lo ritengo corretto. Il romanzo è metaforicamente una discesa nell’Ade per la protagonista. Lei, nei panni di Orfeo, cerca la sua Euridice cioè Emanuele. Ma non si deve voltare a guardare. Deve capire che il passato non può tornare. C’è sempre il pericolo, come per la moglie di Lot (che nella Bibbia non ha nome) di essere trasformata in una statua di sale. Nel caso di Orfeo ed Euridice i due furono separati.
Passo da altro. Non so se i lettori ricordano quel “gioiello” sulla scrittura ma soprattutto sul piacere della lettura del 2000 “Amata scrittura”. Lei lì scriveva: “Una scrittrice, per quanto brava, manca di prestigio e di esemplarità”. Le chiedo: a distanza di tempo, di tanti avvenimenti e di tanti nomi nuovi arrivati in libreria, il suo pensiero è mutato?
Purtroppo no. Voglio dire che sul piano del mercato le donne che scrivono non hanno discriminazione perché in verità le lettrici sono in maggioranza, però sul piano del prestigio, del modello istituzionale, quando per esempio si parla dei maggiori scrittori del Novecento, allora lì le donne scompaiono. Ancora discriminazione sul piano del prestigio e del modello. Sul piano della vendibilità e dell’interesse del pubblico, no.
Il libro che più l’ha emozionata, italiano o straniero, degli ultimi tempi.
Mi è piaciuta molto quella scrittrice sarda, Milena Agus, che ha una grazia straordinaria. Il libro di Saviano, pieno di passione politica e sociale. Mi fa piacere che i giovani intraprendano questa strada.
Ultima domanda. Se ne può parlare, naturalmente: c’è un libro già in cantiere?
No, ho delle idee ma ancora non ho cominciato ascrivere. Per il momento mi sto dedicando al teatro.
A intervista finita non rimane che una considerazione: “Il treno dell’ultima notte” è sicuramente uno dei migliori romanzi di Dacia Maraini. E leggerlo è un arricchimento culturale e ancor di più per lo spirito.
Filed under: Letteratura
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